This paper highlights the role of teacher training in improving educational outcomes in Madagascar. With a low and stagnating Human Capital Index of 0.39 and high learning poverty rates, economic growth is hindered by an inadequately skilled workforce. This paper finds that doubling the share of qualified primary school teachers, from the current 15 to 30 percent, would allow Madagascar to harness its demographic dividend, raising per capita real GDP growth by around 2.5 to 3.1 percentage points in Madagascar.