How does PISA shape education policy making? Why how we measure learning determines what counts in education

The paper proceeds in three sections. The first provides an overview of the PISA survey, its inception, design and growth. In Section 2, the author examines the impact of PISA on policy-making processes and highlights three emerging tensions that must be navigated. In Section 3, the author explores three key implications for system leaders to ensure that PISA is appropriately positioned in efforts to evaluate and improve school systems. The document concludes with a reflection on preferable PISA futures.