High-stakes exams and assessments during the COVID-19 crisis : what is the status at the end of the 2020-2021 school year?

As the COVID-19 pandemic and the educational disruption continued into its second year, this paper provides a snapshot of the situation concerning measures taken by countries at the end of the school year 2020/21 regarding high-stakes exams. It points to the need for being flexible, adaptable, timely and sound in planning and organizing high stakes exams, and revisiting the pros and cons of these exams in order to introduce flexible, hybrid learning monitoring and assessment in the future.