Education MTEF: approaches, experience and lessons from nine countries in Asia

This paper was prepared under the framework of a regional project on education financial planning and financial resource allocation conducted by UNESCO Bangkok. The paper draws on the experiences of selected countries in the Asia-Pacific region in their implementation of Medium-term expenditure frameworks (MTEFs) in the education sector. It provides a succinct overview of the MTEF process and the conditions required for successful implementation. The case studies provide country specific examples of the issues and challenges faced in the implementation of MTEFs and the lessons learned. Furthermore, recommendations are made to assist planners and policy makers to enable greater synergy between policy, planning and budgeting.